Verbals in English Grammar: Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives
In English grammar, Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives are called Verbals.
A verbal is formed from a verb, but it does not act as a verb. Instead, it works as a noun, adjective, or adverb—like a verb in disguise.
1. Gerund – The Noun Form
A gerund is a verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
How to identify it:
✔ Ends in -ing
✔ Can be replaced by the word something
Examples:
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Swimming is good exercise. (subject)
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I enjoy reading. (object)
2. Participle – The Adjective Form
A participle is a verb form used as an adjective to describe a noun.
Present Participle (-ing):
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The crying baby is hungry.
Past Participle (-ed / -en / -t):
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The broken chair was repaired.
Key Difference:
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Gerund: I like singing. (a thing)
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Participle: The singing bird is loud. (describes bird)
3. Infinitive – The Multi-Purpose Form
An infinitive is usually to + verb.
Uses:
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As a noun: To learn is important.
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As an adjective: I have homework to finish.
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As an adverb: She ran to catch the bus.
Quick Comparison
| Verbal | Form | Acts As | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gerund | -ing | Noun | Reading helps memory |
| Participle | -ing / -ed | Adjective | Broken glass |
| Infinitive | to + verb | Noun / Adj / Adv | To win is the goal |
Worksheet: Verbals (Classes 6–8)
Section A: Identify the Verbal
Write Gerund, Participle, or Infinitive.
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Swimming keeps us healthy.
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The flying bird is beautiful.
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I want to learn English.
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The damaged road was repaired.
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Reading improves knowledge.
Answers:
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Gerund
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Participle
-
Infinitive
-
Participle
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Gerund
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
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A gerund always ends in __________.
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A participle acts like an __________.
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An infinitive usually begins with __________.
Answers:
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-ing
-
adjective
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to
Section C: Choose the Correct Answer
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Which sentence contains a gerund?
a) The running boy fell
b) To run is healthy
c) Running is healthy
d) She ran fast
Answer: c) Running is healthy
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