WREN & MARTIN's English grammar-usage of phrase prepositions: in consequence of, in course of, in favour of, in front of, in lieu of, in order to
usage of phrase prepositions: in consequence of, in course of, in favour of, in front of, in lieu of, in order to
1. What does the phrase preposition "in consequence of" mean? A) In front of a particular place or person B) In place of something else C) During the process of something D) As a result of; owing to; because of a particular cause
✅ Answer: D) As a result of; owing to; because of a particular cause "In consequence of" means as a direct result of something that has happened. It is a formal phrase preposition used to introduce the cause that led to a particular outcome or consequence. Example: "In consequence of the floods, thousands of people were displaced." It is more formal than "because of" and is commonly found in official reports, legal documents, and formal writing.
2. "_______ the heavy snowfall, all schools in the district were closed for three days." A) In lieu of B) In front of C) In favour of D) In consequence of
✅ Answer: D) In consequence of "In consequence of" correctly introduces the heavy snowfall as the cause that resulted in schools being closed. The closure was a direct consequence of the snowfall. This is the most natural use of "in consequence of" — introducing a natural event, decision, or situation that directly caused a particular outcome.
3. "The bridge is still _______ construction and will not be open until next year." A) in consequence of B) in front of C) in lieu of D) in course of
✅ Answer: D) in course of "In course of" means in the process of; during the progress of; currently undergoing. The bridge is currently being built — the construction is ongoing and not yet complete. "In course of" always introduces an activity or process that is currently in progress or still being carried out. It is also written as "in the course of."
4. "The judge ruled _______ the defendant, declaring him innocent of all charges." A) in consequence of B) in course of C) in lieu of D) in favour of
✅ Answer: D) in favour of "In favour of" means in support of; on the side of; giving a decision or judgment to the benefit of. The judge's ruling supported and benefited the defendant — the decision went in his direction. "In favour of" always introduces the person, side, or option that receives support, a positive decision, or a beneficial outcome.
5. "She stood _______ the class and delivered her speech confidently." A) in lieu of B) in course of C) in consequence of D) in front of
✅ Answer: D) in front of "In front of" means directly before; facing; at the forward-facing side of. She stood facing the class — positioned before them. "In front of" is a preposition of place that describes a position directly before or facing a person, group, or object. It is one of the most commonly used phrase prepositions of place in everyday English.
6. "The company offered extra paid leave _______ the annual bonus that year." A) in front of B) in favour of C) in course of D) in lieu of
✅ Answer: D) in lieu of "In lieu of" means instead of; in place of; as a substitute for. The extra paid leave was given as a replacement for the annual bonus — one thing was substituted for another. "In lieu of" always introduces the item or benefit that is being replaced or substituted. It is commonly used in formal, legal, and business contexts.
7. "_______ his inspection of the factory, the officer noticed several safety violations." A) In lieu of B) In front of C) In favour of D) In course of
✅ Answer: D) In course of "In course of" correctly describes something that happened during the process of the inspection — while it was taking place. The safety violations were noticed while the inspection was in progress. This is a very natural use of "in course of" to indicate that something occurred during an ongoing activity or process.
8. "The majority voted _______ the new proposal at the annual general meeting." A) in consequence of B) in lieu of C) in front of D) in favour of
✅ Answer: D) in favour of "In favour of" shows that the majority supported and voted for the new proposal — their vote went in the direction of approving it. Whenever a vote, decision, ruling, or opinion supports or benefits a particular side or option, "in favour of" is the correct phrase preposition to use.
9. "He took a different route _______ avoid the heavy traffic on the main road." A) in lieu of B) in front of C) in favour of D) in order to
✅ Answer: D) in order to "In order to" means for the purpose of; with the intention of achieving a particular goal. He took a different route with the specific purpose of avoiding traffic. "In order to" always introduces the purpose or intention behind an action and is followed by the base form of a verb — never a noun or gerund.
10. Which sentence uses "in lieu of" INCORRECTLY? A) He received a certificate in lieu of a cash prize. B) She worked on Saturday in lieu of taking Friday off. C) The school accepted a project in lieu of the written examination. D) He stood in lieu of the stage to address the audience.
✅ Answer: D) He stood in lieu of the stage to address the audience. This is incorrect because "in lieu of" means in place of / as a substitute for — it cannot describe a physical position or location. "Standing in lieu of the stage" makes no sense because a person cannot stand as a substitute for a stage. The correct phrase preposition for physical position is "in front of": "He stood in front of the stage to address the audience."
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